Electra Hospital District - Electra Memorial Hospital

Radiology

The Radiology Department at Electra Memorial Hospital provides high quality diagnostic images that aid in the accurate diagnosis and subsequent treatment of our patients.

To aid in the accurate diagnosis and imminent treatment, the Radiology Department utilizes advanced imaging equipment and technology usually found at larger healthcare facilities. We’re more than you think at Electra Memorial, and our image quality and equipment makes the difference.

Services Offered

Bone Densitometry (DXA)
Computed Tomography (CT)
Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)
Radiography

Routine Radiographs
Intravenous Pyelogram

Barium Studies

Upper Gastro Intestinal Study
Barium Enema (BE)
Barium Swallow (BS)
Modified Barium Swallow by Speech Pathologist

Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

Goal/ Mission

The radiology department at Electra Memorial Hospital is dedicated to producing the highest quality diagnostic images to aid in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of our patients. We strive to exceed patient care as well as live by the code of ethics of our profession

Future Plan and Outlook

Our long-term outlook for our patients as well as the community of Electra is to incorporate state of the art technology as well as new imaging modalities to aid the medical staff in providing accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Recent Milestones

2004 - Digital Fluoroscopy
2005 - MRI
2006 - Dedicated Radiology Information System (RIS)
2006 - Computed Radiography (CR)
2007 - Picture Archive Computer System (PACS)

Bone Densitometry (DEXA)
Upgraded Computed Tomography (CT)
Nuclear Medicine
Ultrasound

2008 - Ultrasound 2D echo

License and Certifications:

The Texas Department of State Health Services Bureau of Radiation Control licenses the Department of Radiology. Electra Memorial Hospital has a Radioactive Materials license for nuclear medicine and the Certification of X-ray Registration for all radiographic equipment located at Electra Memorial Hospital. The Department of Radiology is inspected every two years to ensure that we are in compliance with state regulations and standards pertaining to radiation safety.

The Texas Department of State Health Services Bureau of Radiation Control licenses radiologic technologists as Medical Radiographic Technologist (MRT). All technologists employed by Electra Memorial Hospital are licensed as MRT’s.

The technologists of Electra Memorial Hospital have all graduated from an accredited radiology program inspected by the Joint Commission Education of Radiologic Technologists and have received certification by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT).

As technologists we are required by the State of Texas as well as the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists to maintain 24 hours of continuing education every two years in order to maintain our license and certifications.

Additional Information regarding licenses, certification, and education can be found at the following links.

Bone Densitometry (DXA Scanning)

Bone densitometry is a type of imaging examination that measures your bone mineral density, which is a sign of bone strength. Bones that are not very dense become brittle and weak and are more likely to break. A number of conditions cause a loss of bone mass, such as osteoporosis, some inherited diseases or treatments for chronic diseases. Because postmenopausal women are at higher risk for osteoporosis, the National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends that women older than 65 undergo a bone densitometry test every 2 years.

Several imaging techniques may be used to measure bone density, including ultrasound and computed tomography, but the most common method is dual-energy x-ray absorption, or DXA. DXA, pronounced “DEXA,” uses x-rays to analyze the amount of bone your skeleton has.

During a DXA scan, density measurements are taken of bones at specific areas of your body. Those measurements then are compared to a database of “normal” individuals of your same age, sex and race. The results show whether you have lost bone density. The measurements also help determine the presence of osteoporosis and can be used to estimate your risk of bone fracture. If you are being treated for bone loss, a follow-up DXA scan can show if the therapy is working.

Patient Preparation

Before your examination, a radiographer will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you might have. A radiographer, also known as a radiologic technologist, is a skilled medical professional who has received specialized education in the areas of radiation protection, patient care, radiation exposure, radiographic positioning and radiographic procedures.

The radiographer will ask you several questions about your medical history. It is helpful to have a list of current medications and dosages you are taking. The radiographer also may ask you if you are on hormone replacement therapy or you have had recent medical imaging examinations such as an upper GI series.

Usually, you will be allowed to remain in your street clothes during the examination, although some facilities may require you to put on a hospital gown. Avoid wearing clothing with metal zippers, buckles, buttons or other metallic objects because they may affect the bone density measurement. It is a good idea to wear a comfortable, two-piece outfit such as a sweat suit since for many measurements you will be lying on your back on an examination table.

During the Examination

The radiologic technologist will position you on a padded table and ask you to remain as still as possible during the test. The technologist then will use the DXA equipment to scan one or more areas of bone — usually the lower back, hip, wrist or forearm. The DXA exam does not hurt, and you will not feel anything when the x-rays pass through your body. The exam takes about 15 to 20 minutes.

Post-examination Information

The DXA scanner computes a numerical reading of bone strength, called a T-score, which is used to compare your bone density with established values.

Your physician will receive a report of the DXA findings. He or she then will advise you of the results and discuss what further procedures, if any, are needed. If you have low bone density, you may be advised to take calcium supplements or other medication. Your physician also may recommend that you participate in some kind of weight-bearing exercise, such as walking, to strengthen your bones.

Computed Tomography

Introduction

Computed tomography is a sophisticated diagnostic imaging procedure capable of depicting anatomy at different levels within the body. This ability, known as cross-sectional imaging, is possible because the x-ray source rotates around the patient during a CT scan, encircling the patient's body and capturing anatomical detail from many angles. Each rotation of the x-ray beam produces a single cross-sectional "slice" of anatomy, like the slices in a loaf of bread. Computed tomography allows physicians to see a single slice of the body, just as if you were taking a slice of bread out of a loaf. Using this technology, physicians can view the inside of anatomic structures, a feat not possible with general radiography.

Computed tomography scans, also called CT scans, are used for many types of diagnostic procedures. They may be used to examine the head to check for bleeding, tumors, blood clots or signs of stroke. In other parts of the body, CT may be used to distinguish whether a growth is solid or fluid-filled, detect ruptured disks in the spine, determine an organ's size and shape, and evaluate many types of disease processes. Information supplied by CT scans also can be used to determine the stage of some types of cancer, helping physicians decide how to treat the disease. Computed tomography also is used to help plan radiation therapy. The scans help the oncology team target treatment to the cancer site while protecting surrounding healthy tissue. In addition, CT may be used to guide biopsies (the collection of a sample of tissue to aid in diagnosis).

Patient Preparation

Your personal physician or the radiology facility where you are scheduled to have your CT procedure will give you detailed instructions describing how to prepare for your examination. You will be asked whether there is a chance that you might be pregnant. If you are pregnant, your health care provider will help you weigh the benefits of having a CT scan vs. the risks. In addition, if a contrast agent will be used during your examination, you will be asked if you have any allergies. You may also be asked about your medical history and your health in general.

Before your examination, a CT technologist will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you might have. A CT technologist, also known as a radiologic technologist, is a skilled medical professional who has received specialized education in the areas of anatomy, patient positioning, patient care, radiation safety, imaging techniques and CT procedures.

During the Examination

Examination time can range from 10 minutes to more than an hour, depending upon the part of the body being examined and whether or not a contrast agent is used. For a head scan, you will be asked to remove eyeglasses, dentures and barrettes or hairpins. For body scans, you will be asked to put on a hospital gown and to remove all jewelry, because metal can interfere with the imaging. You will be provided a secure place to store these items during your examination.

The CT technologist will position you on the scanning table. If you are undergoing a head scan, the technologist will place your head in a cradle to help prevent movement. For head scans and scans of other parts of the body, you will be secured onto the table with a safety strap. Even the slightest movement can blur the image, so it's important to hold still during the scan.

You may be given a contrast agent to drink before the examination begins, or it may be administered through an injection into a vein. The contrast agent helps visualize tissues in the area being studied. You may feel nauseous, flushed or headachy after the contrast is administered; these are normal reactions. However, if you feel itchy or short of breath, you may be having an allergic reaction to the contrast agent and you should tell the technologist immediately.

The technologist will guide the scanning table into the CT unit, which is a square or rectangular machine with a large circular hole in the center. The CT technologist will not be in the room during the scan, but will be able to observe you through a window from an adjacent room or through a video system and will be able to hear you and talk to you through a two-way microphone system.

During the scan, the x-ray tube within the CT unit will rotate around you, taking x-ray pictures of one very thin slice of tissue after another. As the x-ray tube rotates, you will hear a whirring sound. The table that you are on will move slightly to reposition you for each scan, but it moves so slowly that you might not even notice it.

The technologist will tell you when each scan sequence is beginning and how long it will last. You should remain as still as possible throughout the sequence, and for certain scans you may be asked to hold your breath for a few seconds.

The x-ray unit that rotates around your body is linked to a computer that processes each scan in a matter of seconds. The final scans, called "CT images," are sent to a monitor that the CT technologist observes throughout the procedure. The scans then can be output on film or recorded on tape or diskette.

When the exam is complete, your CT scans will be given to a radiologist - a physician who specializes in the diagnostic interpretation of medical images.

Post-examination Information

After a radiologist has reviewed your films, your personal physician will receive a report of the findings. Your physician then will advise you of the results and discuss what further procedures, if any, are needed.

The radiation you are exposed to during a CT scan is only slightly higher than from a regular x-ray, and it passes through you immediately. You are not "radioactive" following a CT procedure, and it is not necessary to take any special precautions following your examination.

If a contrast agent was administered, you may experience nausea, headache or dizziness following your examination. It's important to increase your water consumption in the days following the examination. If these symptoms persist, contact your physician.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sophisticated diagnostic technique that uses a magnetic field, radio waves and a computer to generate detailed, cross-sectional images of human anatomy. Because it produces better soft-tissue images than x-rays can, MRI is most commonly used to image the brain, spine, thorax, vascular system and musculo-skeletal system (including the knee and shoulder).

During an MRI exam, the patient is placed inside a scanner that produces a static magnetic field up to 8,000 times stronger than the earth’s own magnetic field. Exposure to this force causes the hydrogen protons within the patient's body to align with the magnetic field. When a radio frequency pulse is applied, the protons spin perpendicular to the magnetic field. As the protons relax back into alignment with the magnetic field, a signal is sent to a radio frequency coil that acts as an antenna. A computer then processes this signal. Different tissues produce different signals. For example, protons in water relax more slowly than those in fat. This differentiation can be detected, measured and converted into a cross-sectional image of the patient's anatomy.

Patient Preparation

MRI is a safe procedure for most patients, although it generally is not recommended for pregnant women. If you are pregnant, let your physician know. Also, because the body is exposed to a strong magnetic field, patients who have a pacemaker, cochlear implants or aneurysm clips should check with a physician before undergoing an MRI examination. Patients who have other types of metal implants and patients who have been exposed to shrapnel or whose eyes have been exposed to metal shavings also might not be candidates for MRI; it's important to let your physician know if these conditions apply to you. For similar reasons, women undergoing an MRI exam should not wear eye shadow, because it sometimes contains metallic substances.

If you are claustrophobic or experience pain when lying on your back for more than 30 minutes, let your doctor know. He or she may be able to prescribe a relaxant or pain medication. If you are sedated for the examination, a friend will have to drive you home afterward. In some facilities, you can arrange for your scan to be performed in an "open" magnet. Open MR units are less confining than traditional MRI machines. Instead of sliding the patient into a long metal tube, the magnet is suspended above the patient. Keep in mind, however, that open magnets are a new technology and not all facilities have them.

Before your examination, an MR technologist will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you might have. An MR technologist, also known as a radiologic technologist, is a skilled medical professional who has received specialized education in the areas of anatomy, patient positioning, patient care, imaging techniques and MR procedures.

During the Examination

Examination time depends upon the part of the body being examined, but typically ranges from 30 minutes to an hour. You will be asked to undress, remove all jewelry and put on a hospital gown. Remember, the magnet will damage wristwatches and erase credit cards and bankcards, so don't take them into the exam room with you. You will be provided a secure place to store these items during your examination.

For most types of exams, the MR technologist will wrap a special coil around the body part that is being examined. This coil helps concentrate the radio frequency pulses. The MR technologist then will position you on a padded, movable table that will slide into the opening of the scanner.

You may be given a contrast agent to highlight internal organs and structures. The contrast changes the relaxation rate of protons in the body, illuminating organs and tissues and making tumors, vessels and scar tissue appear brighter.

You won't feel anything during the scan, but you may hear intermittent humming, thumping, clicking and knocking sounds. These are the sounds of the magnetic gradients turning on and off. Some MR centers provide patients with headphones or earplugs to help mask the noise.

The MR technologist will not be in the room during the scan, but will be able to observe you through a window from a room next door and will be able to hear you and talk to you through a two-way microphone system. The technologist will tell you when each scan sequence is beginning and how long it will last. You will be asked to remain as still as possible throughout the sequence.

When the exam is complete, your MR scans obtained will be given to a radiologist - a physician who specializes in the diagnostic interpretation of medical images.

Post-examination Information

Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive procedure, and there are no known side effects or after effects. If a contrast agent was administered, you may experience nausea, headache or dizziness following your examination. It's important to increase your water consumption in the days following the examination. If these symptoms persist, contact your physician.

About Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Other MR Procedures

In addition to MRI, magnetic resonance has other diagnostic applications. One rapidly advancing technique is magnetic resonance angiography, or MRA. Angiography is the imaging of blood vessels. Usually, it is performed to evaluate aneurysms or to determine whether vessels in the brain, neck, legs or other areas have become narrowed due to atherosclerosis ("hardening of the arteries"). During conventional x-ray angiography, a catheter is inserted into the body through the groin and an iodine-based contrast agent is injected into the blood vessel while a series of x-rays are taken. MRA allows physicians to view blood vessels and the flow of blood through arteries without the need to introduce a catheter or a contrast agent into the patient's artery.

Neurological and intracranial applications for magnetic resonance technology include functional MR and MR spectroscopy. Functional MR uses magnetic resonance to map the brain, matching motor and sensory activities with corresponding areas of brain activation. Functional MR detects changes in the blood supply to specific areas of the brain. Using it, researchers can "watch" changes that occur in the brain when a patient speaks, recalls a past event or moves a body part. Functional MR is still in its early stages of development, but it shows promise as a method to study stroke, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease.

MR spectroscopy uses magnetic resonance to measure metabolites, creating a chemical spectrum (map) of the brain. Metabolites are byproducts of metabolism that are present in the brain matter. By measuring their concentrations in different areas of the brain, researchers can determine how the brain works at an unprecedented level of detail. Applications include measurement of the volume and flow of blood to brain tumors, assessment of brain tissue and study of sleep disorders and Alzheimer disease.

Nuclear Medicine

Introduction

A nuclear medicine procedure is sometimes described as an "inside-out" x-ray because it records radiation emitting from the patient's body rather than radiation that is directed through the patient's body. Nuclear medicine procedures use small amounts of radioactive materials, called radiopharmaceuticals, to create images of anatomy. Radiopharmaceuticals are substances that are attracted to specific organs, bones or tissues. They are introduced into the patient's body by injection, swallowing or inhalation. As the radiopharmaceutical travels through the body, it produces radioactive emissions. A special type of camera detects these emissions in the organ, bone or tissue being imaged and then records the information on a computer screen or on film.

Nuclear medicine is unique because it documents function as well as structure. For example, nuclear medicine allows physicians to see how a kidney is functioning, not just what it looks like. Most other diagnostic imaging tests, in comparison, reveal only structure. Nuclear medicine procedures are performed to assess the function of nearly every organ. Common nuclear medicine procedures include thyroid studies, brain scans, bone scans, lung scans, cardiac stress tests, and liver and gallbladder procedures.

Although nuclear medicine is primarily used for diagnosis, it can be used to treat disease as well. Therapeutic uses include treatment of hyperthyroidism and pain relief from certain types of bone cancers.

Patient Preparation

Before your examination, a nuclear medicine technologist will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you might have. A nuclear medicine technologist is a skilled medical professional who has received specialized education in the areas of anatomy, radiation protection, patient care, radiation exposure, radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine procedures.

Tell the technologist if you have any allergies and if you are undergoing radiation therapy, because these factors may require adjustments in how the examination is performed. Also, be sure to tell the technologist if you are pregnant or are breastfeeding. Nuclear medicine tests usually are not recommended for pregnant women.

During the Examination

For most nuclear medicine examinations, the patient is positioned on a scanning table underneath a scintillation or gamma camera. A radiopharmaceutical then is administered intravenously, orally or through inhalation. It travels through the patient's bloodstream to a specific area where it selectively accumulates. The camera then detects and records the radioactive emissions from the patient's body.

For some nuclear medicine studies, imaging takes place immediately. For others, images are taken an hour, two hours, or even several days after administration of the radiopharmaceutical. In most cases, the patient is permitted to leave the hospital and return later for the imaging procedure.

Most nuclear medicine procedures require several different images from different angles, and the technologist may ask you to change positions during the examination. You will need to lie still during each scan.

During a nuclear medicine brain scan, images are taken of the front, back, sides and sometimes top of the head. Scans usually are taken 30 to 60 minutes following the injection of a radiopharmaceutical, although some tests require the patient to return a day or two later for scanning. It's important that you not move, cough or touch your head while the scans are being taken. Brain scans are used to diagnose strokes, tumors and infections of the brain. A study of blood circulation in the brain is called a cerebral perfusion scan.

A thyroid uptake study shows how well the thyroid gland is functioning. If the radiopharmaceutical is administered orally, you will be asked to return the next day for scanning. If it is injected, the scans are performed immediately. You may be asked to avoid all foods and medicines that contain iodine for several days before the test, because they can distort the test results.

Lung scans usually are performed to detect blood clots in the lungs. Often, a chest x-ray is taken in conjunction with the lung scan. The x-ray image and the nuclear medicine image are compared to help your physician better identify a clot.

For most types of cardiac imaging, scans are taken two to four hours after the radiopharmaceutical is administered. For a cardiac stress-rest test, you probably will be asked not to eat three to four hours before the test because the images of your heart will be easier to interpret if your stomach is empty. During the test, you will be asked to perform mild exercise, such as walking on a treadmill or riding a stationary bicycle, while a radiopharmaceutical is administered. An electrocardiogram will monitor your heart rhythm while you exercise. Nuclear medicine scans will be taken immediately and then repeated several hours later. This study reveals blood flow to the heart to help detect coronary artery disease.

For gallbladder imaging, images usually are taken within an hour of administration of a radiopharmaceutical. You may be asked to return several hours later for additional images. The study can detect gallbladder disease and reveal how well the liver is functioning.

Bone scans can detect fractures, tumors and infections. Imaging may be performed immediately, although it usually is performed several hours after the radiopharmaceutical is injected. If your entire body needs to be scanned, the imaging portion of the procedure can last two to four hours. If you have trouble lying on your back for extended periods of time, be sure to let your physician know. Radiographs also may be taken to provide additional information.

Post-examination Information

After the examination, a radiologist, a physician who specializes in the interpretation of diagnostic medical images, will review your nuclear medicine study. Your personal physician will receive a report of the radiologist's findings. Your physician then will advise you of the results and discuss what further procedures, if any, are needed.

The radiation that you are exposed to during a nuclear medicine procedure is equal to or less than a standard x-ray or CT scan covering the same body area. In general, the radiopharmaceutical administered during the examination will be eliminated naturally from your body in one or two days. Drinking fluids will help clear the radiopharmaceutical from your system more quickly. You do not need to avoid contact with other people during this time, although your physician may recommend simple acts, such as flushing the toilet twice after using it, to reduce the small chance of radiation exposure to others in your household.

Barium Enema Examination

Introduction

The barium enema examination demonstrates your large bowel (colon). This examination is performed when patients have a change in bowel habits, experience abdominal pain or rectal bleeding, or if your doctor suspects you may have diverticulitis or polyps.

Patient Preparation

For the barium enema examination to be successful, your intestines must be completely empty. Typically, you will be asked to follow a restricted diet prior to the examination. This may include a soft diet or a liquid diet. You also will be required to take a laxative the evening before the examination, and you also may be asked not to eat or drink anything after midnight the night before the exam. Your doctor will give you specific instructions, which you should follow closely. Any residue in your lower digestive tract will show up on the x-rays and could be mistaken for an abnormality in the colon or rectum.

Before your examination, a radiographer will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you might have. A radiographer, also known as a radiologic technologist, is a skilled medical professional who has received specialized education in the areas of anatomy, radiation protection, patient care, radiation exposure, radiographic positioning and radiographic procedures. As part of his or her duties, the radiographer will determine the amount of radiation necessary to produce a diagnostically useful image.

Prior to performing your barium enema examination, the radiographer will give you a hospital gown to wear. This gown has no metal snaps on it, because metal can interfere with the accuracy of the image. It is important that everything underneath this gown be removed, including jewelry and underwear.

If you are a woman of childbearing age, the radiographer will ask if there is any possibility you are pregnant. Because this examination exposes the pelvic area to radiation, it is important that you tell the radiographer the date of your last menstrual period and whether there is a chance that you may be pregnant.

During the Examination

Inside the x-ray room, you will be asked to lie down on a tilting table attached to a fluoroscope, which is an x-ray unit combined with a television screen. The radiographer will take an x-ray of your abdomen to make sure that your intestines are clean. Next, the radiographer will insert a lubricated enema tip into your rectum. A radiologist will come into the room and begin the examination. Liquid barium will begin to flow through the enema tip, a little at a time. Barium is a special compound that allows radiographic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. It coats the walls of your lower digestive tract, casting shadows that can be recorded on x-ray film. The radiologist will watch the television screen to observe the flow of barium, and films will be taken throughout the process.

As the barium is being delivered, the radiologist will ask you to turn from side to side. This allows the barium to coat the walls of your colon. If you feel uncomfortable or are not able to turn over, you should tell the radiographer or radiologist. Their goal is to make you as comfortable as possible and at the same time perform a successful examination.

After the barium has been administered, the radiographer will take a series of x-rays of your large intestine. You will be asked to hold your breath and remain still during the exposure. It also is important that you try to hold in the enema. Once the films are complete, the radiographer will show you to the toilet facilities so you can expel the barium. After you have expelled the barium, the radiographer may take another x-ray to assess whether any barium remains.

In some cases, the radiologist may introduce air along with the barium solution. This examination is called a high-density, double-contrast or air-contrast barium enema examination. The air will be inserted through the same enema tip as the barium. During the procedure, you may experience cramping or a sensation of being bloated. It is important that you try not to expel the air or the barium. Because barium used in this procedure is thick, it clings to the walls of the colon rather than filling the colon itself. The air is used to expand the walls of the colon and allow the radiographer and radiologist to get more detailed images.

Once the examination is complete, the radiographer will process your x-ray films and determine whether they are technically acceptable. The films then will be given to a radiologist to interpret. Radiologists are physicians who specialize in the diagnostic interpretation of medical images.

Post-examination Information

After a radiologist has reviewed your radiographs, your personal physician will receive a report of the findings. Your physician then will advise you of the results and discuss what further procedures, if any, are needed.v

The barium will make your stools white for a few days. This is normal. If you experience constipation following the examination, tell your doctor. He or she may advise you to take a laxative. You also should increase your water consumption in the days following the examination.

The radiation that you are exposed to during this examination, like the radiation produced during any other x-ray procedure, passes through you immediately. You are not "radioactive," and it is not necessary to take any special precautions following your examination.

Upper GI Series

Introduction

An upper GI series is a radiographic examination that produces x-ray images of your upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, stomach and small bowel or intestine. (The esophagus is the tube that runs from your mouth to your stomach.) This examination is performed when patients experience frequent heartburn or stomach pain, or if your doctor suspects an ulcer or gastric reflux.

Patient Preparation

For the upper GI examination to be successful, your stomach and upper GI tract must be completely empty. This means you probably will be asked not to eat or drink anything after midnight the night before the exam. You also may be required to take a laxative to help clear your digestive tract before the exam. Your doctor or the radiology department will give you specific instructions, which you should follow closely.

Prior to performing your upper GI examination, the radiographer will give you a hospital gown to wear. This gown has no metal snaps on it, because metal can interfere with the interpretation of the image.

If you are a woman of childbearing age, the radiographer will ask if there is any possibility you are pregnant. It is important that you tell the radiographer the date of your last menstrual period and whether there is a chance that you may be pregnant.

During the Examination

The examination takes about an hour, including prep time. Inside the x-ray room, the radiographer will take an x-ray of your abdomen to make certain that your stomach is empty. Next, you will either be asked to stand at the end of an erect x-ray table or to lie down on a tilting table attached to a fluoroscope, which is a x-ray unit, combined with a television screen. A radiologist will come into the room and give you liquid barium to drink. Barium is a special compound that allows radiographic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract. Barium usually is white or pink, and it may be flavored. It coats the walls of your upper digestive tract, casting shadows that can be recorded on x-ray film.

You also may be asked to swallow "fizzy" granules to help put air (gas) into your stomach, which will distend it. You may feel a need to belch, but try not to. The combination of the air and the barium will allow the radiologist to see your stomach in much greater detail.

As the barium flows through your digestive tract, the radiologist will ask you to turn in different positions while he views your esophagus and stomach on the fluoroscope. X-rays will be taken throughout. If you feel uncomfortable or are not able to turn over, you should tell the radiographer or radiologist. Their goal is to make you as comfortable as possible and at the same time perform a successful examination.

After the fluoroscopic portion of the examination is finished, the radiographer will take standard x-rays of your stomach and abdomen. You may be asked to drink additional amounts of barium. Whenever possible, a lead-equivalent rubberized shield will be placed over you to protect areas that are sensitive to radiation. However, sometimes the shield would obscure the area being investigated, so no shield is used.

Once the examination is complete, the radiographer will process your x-ray films and determine whether they are technically acceptable. The films then will be given to a radiologist to interpret. Radiologists specialize in the diagnostic interpretation of medical images.

Post-examination Information

You should increase your water intake in the days following your examination. The barium may make your stools white for a few days. This is normal. If you experience constipation following the examination, tell your doctor. You may be advised to take a laxative.

Modified Barium Swallow

Introduction

A modified barium swallow is a motion picture x-ray that utilizes fluoroscopy and a video recorder to document the swallowing motion. This recording allows the speech therapist to evaluate and look for any swallowing problems in your mouth and throat. The test checks what types of foods and liquids are safe for you to swallow.

Patient Preparation

For the modified barium swallow study to be successful, your stomach and upper GI tract must be completely empty. This means you probably will be asked not to eat or drink anything after midnight the night before the exam.

Before your examination, a speech therapist and the radiographer will explain the procedure to you and answer any questions you might have. A radiographer, also known as a radiologic technologist, is a skilled medical professional who has received specialized education in the areas of radiation protection, patient care, radiation exposure, radiographic positioning and radiographic procedures. As part of his or her duties, the radiographer will determine the amount of radiation necessary to produce a diagnostically useful image.

Prior to performing your modified barium swallow; the radiographer will give you a hospital gown to wear. This gown has no metal snaps on it, because metal can interfere with the interpretation of the image.

The examination takes about 30-45 minutes, including prep time. Inside the x-ray room, the radiographer will position you a in a chair. Next, the speech therapist will give you several items to eat and drink. These items range gradually from thin liquid to thicker food products and are coated with barium. Barium is a special compound that allows radiographic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract as you chew or drink during the test it is recorded on videotape via fluoroscopy. Fluoroscopy is an x-ray unit, combined with a television screen.

At the conclusion of the study the speech therapist will rewind the videotape and review the examination with you or your family members. The therapist will write a report and submit it to your family physician. The speech therapist may recommend therapy as well as give you techniques on how to swallow without choking or aspirating your food.

Post-examination Information

After a speech therapist has reviewed your video recording, your personal physician will receive a report of the findings. Your physician and the speech therapist will advise you of the results and discuss what further procedures, if any, are needed.

Intravenous Pyelogram

Introduction

An intravenous pyelogram (IVP), also called an intravenous urogram, is an x-ray examination of your urinary tract, including the kidneys, ureters and bladder. This examination is performed when patients experience kidney pain; have several urinary tract infections; when blood is found in the urine; or if a kidney stone, tumor or injury is suspected.

For the IVP examination to be successful, your colon must be empty. Your doctor or the radiology department will give you specific instructions, which you should follow closely. You may be asked to drink only clear liquids the day before the exam and use a laxative the night before to help clear your digestive tract. You probably will be asked not eat or drink anything after midnight, although you may take small sips of water. If you have diabetes or take medication daily, tell the person scheduling your exam and ask for special instructions.

You will be asked to remove your clothing and put on a hospital gown. The radiographer will ask you questions about your medical history. It is important to let the radiographer know if you have any allergies to food and medicine or a history of hay fever or asthma. If you are a woman of childbearing age, you should tell the radiographer the date of your last menstrual period and if you are, or believe you may be, pregnant.

During the Examination

Preparation for the examination takes about 10 minutes, and the examination itself takes about an hour. You will be asked to lie face up on an x-ray table, and the radiographer will take an image of your abdomen to make sure that your intestines are empty. Next, a contrast agent that makes your urinary system visible on radiographic images will be injected into a vein in your arm. As it passes through your bloodstream into your urinary system, you may feel the need to urinate, and you may experience a warm feeling in the pelvic area. You also may feel flushed, notice a slightly metallic taste in your mouth or feel a wave of nausea. These are normal reactions and usually will disappear within a short time. If you begin to itch or feel short of breath, let the radiographer know immediately.

After the contrast is administered, the radiographer will take a series of x-rays. You may be asked to turn from side to side, lie on your stomach and hold several positions. A light compression band may be placed on your abdomen to hold the contrast material in your kidneys. You will be asked to hold your breath during each exposure and remain still. If you cannot carry out any of the instructions, let the radiographer know.

Next, you may be asked to use the toilet facilities and urinate. Then a final x-ray may be taken to demonstrate the amount of contrast agent that remains in your urinary bladder. This is known as a "post-voiding" study.

During the Examination

A radiologist, a physician who specializes in the diagnostic interpretation of medical images, will review your films and dictate a report of the findings. Your personal physician will receive this information and then will advise you of the results and discuss what further procedures, if any, are needed.

The contrast agent leaves your body as you urinate. It will not discolor your urine or cause discomfort when you urinate. To help eliminate the contrast agent, you should drink more water than usual following the examination. Unless advised otherwise, you can resume normal activities and your usual diet. If you experience any discomfort following the examination, contact your physician.

Contrast Agents

Introduction

Although bones show up clearly on x-ray images, some other organs and tissues do not. Contrast agents, also known as contrast media, often are used during medical imaging examinations to highlight specific parts of the body and make them easier to see. Contrast agents can be used with many types of imaging examinations, including diagnostic examinations, CT’s, MRI’s, etc.

Contrast agents are administered in different ways: Some are given as a drink; others are injected or delivered through an intravenous line or an enema. After the examination, the body harmlessly absorbs some contrast agents; others are excreted through the urine or bowel movements. Contrast agents are not dyes; they do not permanently discolor internal organs. Instead, they temporarily change the way x-rays or other imaging tools interact with your body.

If the exam your physician requested for you requires a contrast agent, a radiologic technologist will explain how it is used before the exam begins. Radiologic technologists are skilled health professionals who have specialized education in the safe use of contrast agents as well as in radiation protection, radiographic positioning and procedures. The technologist will answer any questions you have about the examination or the contrast agent.

Some contrast agents carry a small risk of allergic reaction, so it is important to tell the radiologic technologist who will perform your examination if you have any type of allergy. Also, if you notice any unusual or uncomfortable symptoms during the examination, be sure to tell the technologist. It is his or her job to make you as comfortable as possible while obtaining the best image possible.

One of the most commonly used contrast agents is barium sulfate. Barium blocks the passage of x-rays, so barium-filled organs stand out better on x-ray exams. For an examination of the esophagus or stomach, patients are asked to drink a mixture of barium sulfate and water, sometimes with vanilla or fruit flavoring added. This mixture usually is thick and white.

For an examination of the rectum or colon, barium is administered rectally through an enema tube. After the exam is finished, you can go to the bathroom and expel the barium. It is a good idea to increase your fluid intake after the exam to help remove the contrast from your body. Your bowel movements may be white for a few days.

Contrast agents containing iodine are used to image the gallbladder, urinary tract, blood vessels, spleen, liver and bile duct. Iodine contrast agents are clear liquids and usually are injected. Patients who are allergic to iodine should not receive this type of contrast agent. Be sure to tell the technologist which medications you are taking and your current medical conditions before the exam begins. Some conditions and medications make the use of iodine contrast agents riskier.

You may notice side effects associated with the use of iodine-containing contrast agents. These include a feeling of warmth or flushing, a metallic taste in the mouth, light-headedness, nausea, itching and hives. Usually, these symptoms are mild and disappear quickly. However, it is a good idea to tell the radiologic technologist if you experience any of them. In extremely rare instances, these side effects can be serious. The technologist will monitor you carefully for signs of side effects.

Interpretation Process:

A licensed physician interprets all diagnostic images produced at Electra Memorial Hospital. These physicians specialize in diagnostic imaging and are referred to as Radiologists. The Radiologist creates detailed reports for each completed radiographic examination. The radiologist’s at Radiology Associates of Wichita Falls provide this service for Electra Memorial Hospital. We normally receive preliminary results the same day of the exam these results are made available to your referring physician. A final report is usually received within 3 to 5 days after your exam is completed. The final report is filed in your medical record as well as in the radiology department.

Have questions? Contact us!
If you have any questions regarding the radiology services available at Electra Memorial Hospital, feel free to call us at 940-495-3981 ext. 172.